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Showing posts from February, 2024

The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016

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The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 is a critical topic for the UPSC Civil Services Examination, particularly under GS Paper II (Social Justice and Governance) . It replaced the PwD Act of 1995 to comply with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Key Highlights of the RPwD Act, 2016 1. Expanded Definition of Disability The Act increased the number of recognized disabilities from 7 to 21.   Added Disabilities : Cerebral Palsy, Dwarfism, Muscular Dystrophy, Acid Attack victims, Speech and Language disability, Specific Learning Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Chronic Neurological conditions (Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s), Blood Disorders (Haemophilia, Thalassemia, Sickle Cell disease), and Multiple Disabilities.   The Central Government maintains the power to add more types of disabilities to this list. 2. Rights and Entitlements  ✅  Education : Children with "benchmark disabilities...
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Wings to the Women empowerment

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๐ŸŒŸContext:- Recently, Uttrakhand became the first north Indian state to pass the Uniform Civil Code {UCC} regardless of religion,governs the personal matters all Indian citizens including marriage,divorce, adoption and inheritance. ✍️Three pillers of this new bill ie., UCC 2024 includes -  1. Liberty - liberty inside the prision of law 2. Privacy - State interference in individual's life's autonomy (A-21)  3. Equality - women's empowerment  Advantages   -  1. Protective shield for womens against any discrimination ocuuring in their relationship. 2. Registration of any live-in  relationship will prove as a tool of equality for both men and women . "Serving as a safeguard" against the misuse of this relationship. 3. Another wing in women's life , Article - 21( a degnified life without any burden of societal pressure). Disadvantages   -  1. With this mandate,the proposed law will become the foremost weapon of state to penalise consensual relati...
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ELECTORAL BONDS

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Electoral bonds   are financial instruments used for making donations to political parties.   Here are the key points regarding electoral bonds:     Eligibility for Political Parties : Only political parties that meet the following criteria are eligible to receive electoral bonds: Registered under  Section 29A  of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Secured  at least one percent  of the votes polled in the last general election to the House of the People (Lok Sabha) or the Legislative Assembly (state elections)  1 2 . Nature of Electoral Bonds : An electoral bond is a  bearer instrument , meaning it does not carry the name of the buyer or payee. No ownership information is recorded, and the holder (i.e., the political party) is presumed to be its owner. These bonds are issued in multiples of ₹1,000, ₹10,000, ₹1 lakh, ₹10 lakh, and ₹1 crore. Individuals (Indian citizens) and domestic companies can donate these bonds to political p...
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