The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016

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The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 is a critical topic for the UPSC Civil Services Examination, particularly under GS Paper II (Social Justice and Governance) . It replaced the PwD Act of 1995 to comply with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Key Highlights of the RPwD Act, 2016 1. Expanded Definition of Disability The Act increased the number of recognized disabilities from 7 to 21.   Added Disabilities : Cerebral Palsy, Dwarfism, Muscular Dystrophy, Acid Attack victims, Speech and Language disability, Specific Learning Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Chronic Neurological conditions (Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s), Blood Disorders (Haemophilia, Thalassemia, Sickle Cell disease), and Multiple Disabilities.   The Central Government maintains the power to add more types of disabilities to this list. 2. Rights and Entitlements  ✅  Education : Children with "benchmark disabilities...
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📌Gandhi - Irwin Pact and Poona Pact signatories.

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📍Gandhi - Irwin Pact
🌟 It was an agreement signed on 5 march 1931 between M.K. Gandhi{leader of Indian National Movement}, and Lord Irwin{Later Lord Halufax{(British Viceroy)}.
🌟It marked the end of a period of civil disobedience {Satyagrah} in India against British rule {salt march 1930}.
🌟Gandhiji was arrested for breaking the salt law at the end of march and J.L. Nehru was also in jail this time due to this incidence the movement got worldwide publicity which Irwin wanted to end.
🌟Gandhi was released from custody in January 1931.
🌟The negotiation between Gandhi -Irwin  made Gandhi to give up satyagraha campaign, and Irwin agreed to released those who had been imprisoned during it and to allow Indians to make salt for domestic use.
🌟 After this Gandhi attended the second round table in London{sep-Dec}.
🔴***Not granted***
*Mahatma Gandhi's demand of converting death penalty of -
🔘Bhagat Singh,
🔘 Rajguru and
🔘 Sukhdev 
to lesser punishment was not agreed by Irwin.

🔶The Poona Pact🔶
 📌It was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar 
📌 Ambedkar on behalf of Dalits,depressed classes, and upper caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India in 1932.
📌 It was made on 24 September 1932 at 
💡Yerwada Central Jail in Poona, India.

📌 It was signed by 
✍️Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar on behalf of the depressed classes and 
✍️Madan Mohan Malviya on behalf of upper caste Hindus, 
✍️Faraz Shah, 
✍️Sana Ejaz and 
✍️Gandhi.

🌟Gandhi ji, then got imprisoned by the British,and had embarked on a fast unto death to protest against the decision made by British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald.
✍️ responding to arguments made by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar in the Round Table Conferences, several demands took place..
📌to give separate electorates to depressed classes for the election of members of provincial legislative assemblies in British India.
📌 He wrote that separate electorates would "vivisect and disrupt" Hinduism. 
📌Ambedkar, for his part, argued that upper-caste reformers could not represent the depressed classes and that they needed their own leaders.

📣The pact finally settled upon 147 electoral seats.
Nearly twice as many seats were reserved for Depressed Classes under the Poona Pact than what had been offered by MacDonald's Separate Electorate. 
8 January 1933 was observed a 'temple Entry Day'.

📌The Franchise for the Central and Provincial Legislatures of the Depressed Classes shall be as indicated, in the Lothian Committee Report.

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