Comparative Analysis of Past Delimitation Exercises & Their Impact on Governance

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                          Comparative Analysis  Delimitation is the process of redrawing the boundaries of electoral constituencies to ensure fair representation based on population changes . In India, it is conducted by the Delimitation Commission , an independent body established under Article 82 (for Lok Sabha) and Article 170 (for State Assemblies) after every Census . Key Objectives of Delimitation ✔ Equal Representation – Ensures constituencies have uniform voter strength , preventing overrepresentation or underrepresentation.  ✔ Electoral Integrity – Adjusts boundaries to reflect demographic shifts , maintaining fair political representation .  ✔ Reservation Adjustments – Determines SC/ST reserved seats based on population distribution. Historical Timeline of Delimitation in India 📌 1952 – First delimitation based on the  1951 Census .  📌 1963 – Adjustments after state reorga...
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Fundamental rights

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Fundamental rights :-

there are six fundamental rights provided by the Constitution of India :-
1.right to equality.
2.right to liberty 🗽.
3.right against exploitation.
4.right to freedom of religion.
5.culture and educational rights.
6.right to constitutional remedy.

*article 14 of the Constitution provides that the state shall not deny any person equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.

Exception to the provision of equality before law, allowed by the Indian constitution are :-

*the president or the governor of a state is not answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office.
*No criminal proceedings can be instituted or continued against the president or a governor in any court during his term of office 🏢.
*no civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the president or the governor of a state can be instituted during his term of office in any court in respect of any act done by him in his personal capacity, without a prior notice of two months.
*the above immunities do not bar Impeachment proceedings against and suits or other appropriate proceeding against the government of India or the government of a state.
*Exceptions acknowledged by the coming of nations in every civilized country, in favour of foreign sovereigns and ambassadors.
*the guarantee of 'equal protection' is a guarantee of equal treatment of persons in 'equal circumstances', permitting differentiation in different circumstances.

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