The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016

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The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 is a critical topic for the UPSC Civil Services Examination, particularly under GS Paper II (Social Justice and Governance) . It replaced the PwD Act of 1995 to comply with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Key Highlights of the RPwD Act, 2016 1. Expanded Definition of Disability The Act increased the number of recognized disabilities from 7 to 21.   Added Disabilities : Cerebral Palsy, Dwarfism, Muscular Dystrophy, Acid Attack victims, Speech and Language disability, Specific Learning Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Chronic Neurological conditions (Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s), Blood Disorders (Haemophilia, Thalassemia, Sickle Cell disease), and Multiple Disabilities.   The Central Government maintains the power to add more types of disabilities to this list. 2. Rights and Entitlements  ✅  Education : Children with "benchmark disabilities...
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Fundamental rights

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Fundamental rights :-

there are six fundamental rights provided by the Constitution of India :-
1.right to equality.
2.right to liberty 🗽.
3.right against exploitation.
4.right to freedom of religion.
5.culture and educational rights.
6.right to constitutional remedy.

*article 14 of the Constitution provides that the state shall not deny any person equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.

Exception to the provision of equality before law, allowed by the Indian constitution are :-

*the president or the governor of a state is not answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office.
*No criminal proceedings can be instituted or continued against the president or a governor in any court during his term of office 🏢.
*no civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the president or the governor of a state can be instituted during his term of office in any court in respect of any act done by him in his personal capacity, without a prior notice of two months.
*the above immunities do not bar Impeachment proceedings against and suits or other appropriate proceeding against the government of India or the government of a state.
*Exceptions acknowledged by the coming of nations in every civilized country, in favour of foreign sovereigns and ambassadors.
*the guarantee of 'equal protection' is a guarantee of equal treatment of persons in 'equal circumstances', permitting differentiation in different circumstances.

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