Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986

 The Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986 is a cornerstone in the Indian judicial history, highlighting the delicate balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government . The case stemmed from a practice that had become routine for the Bihar government: the re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative approval, a process that Dr. D.C. Wadhwa, an economics professor, found to be a subversion of democratic principles . The Supreme Court's decision in this case was a resounding affirmation of constitutional law and its supremacy over executive convenience. By declaring the practice of re-promulgating ordinances without legislative consent as unconstitutional, the court reinforced the necessity of legislative scrutiny and the impermanence of ordinances, which are meant to be emergency measures, not a backdoor for enacting laws. This landmark judgment serves as a reminder of the importance of checks and balances within

"The Russo-Ukrain War"

From the phase of catastrophic circumstances of protesting,rioting,civil disobedience and insurrection to the phase of the tragic and disastrous war . Ukraine has witnessed a lot especially during the Russian invasion in Ukraine 2022.
"The Russo-Ukrainian war" is ongoing and day after day the situations are getting more drastic. Russia, Pro-Russian forces,Belarus on one side and Ukraine with its international supporters are primarily involved in it.

✴️Reason behind the war 

The conflict between these two countries began in 2014 . Following the Revolution of Dignity and focused on the status of Crimea and parts of Donbas(internationally recognized as a part of Ukraine). 
↘️Green colour representing Russia and orange Ukrain 

✅The Russian annexation of Crimea(2014) and parts of
 Donbas ↗️Donetsk People Republic
                ↘️Luhansk People Republic

✅Naval Incidents
✅Cyber warfare
✅Political Pressure

"Russia declared a disastrous attack on Ukraine by Air, Land and Sea" surrounding Ukraine from all sides.
The death toll reached the hundreds. At least 364 Ukrainians have died since Russia invaded Ukraine and at least 759 have been injured, according to the United Nations. The actual toll is believed to be "considerably higher."
According to an independent monitoring group more than  thousand  of people were detained for anti-war protests and riots in Russia.
 Over 4,300 people across 56 cities, including Moscow and St. Petersburg, were detained over protesting President Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine.

✴️How dangerous is this invasion for Europe?

➡️These are terrifying times for Ukrainians as bombs rain down on cities and civilians rush to Cold War-era bomb shelters,bunkers made in school, Subway basements buildings.
➡️Thousands have died already , thousands are found wounded and in extreme conditions. Russia's onslaught has prompted hundreds and thousands of people to flee across Ukraine's borders.
➡️ Poland, Hungary, Romania, Moldova and Slovakia are seeing a big influx, while the EU suggests more than seven million people could be displaced.
➡️This massive destruction will leads to distress the economic pressure , refugees resettlement ,creating new infrastructure and many more.
➡️The Ukrainian refugee crisis is the large ongoing movement of people in and out of Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. 
According to the UN children's agency UNICEF, about half a million of those who fled are teenagers. The head of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights for Public Affairs, Gedini Williams, called the speed of the exodus of refugees from Ukraine "phenomenal" and suggested that the number of internally displaced persons in Ukraine itself is at least as high as this figure.
➡️Organizations such as UNICEF, the United Nations Refugee Agency, International Rescue Committee, United Ukrainian American Relief Committee and others began accepting monetary donations for helping refugees and those affected by the crisis. Others such as the The Kyiv Independent began GoFundMe campaigns to raise money for specific causes or calls for physical items to be donated by an individual.


➡️Western powers are in talks about a ban on Russian oil and gas imports to creat the economic pressure over Russian market. The U.S. and its allies are having an "active discussion" about banning such imports from Russia, while ensuring there's enough of an oil supply for the rest of the world. The Biden administration fears what that could mean for gas prices, but an energy imports ban would also deprive Russia of a large source of revenue.
✴️What Putin wants from this war❓

➡️Ukraine, country located in eastern Europe, the second largest on the continent after Russia is a democratic country of 44 million people with more than 1,000 years of its history.The capital is Kyiv (Kiev), located on the Dnieper River in north-central Ukraine.

➡️It voted overwhelmingly for independence from Moscow after the fall of the Soviet Union and says it aims to join Nato and the European Union.

➡️The Russian President has also claimed that Ukraine is a puppet of the West and was never a proper state anyway.

➡️Putin has demanded guarantees from the West and Ukraine that it will not join Nato, a defensive alliance of 30 countries. He also wants Ukraine to be demilitarised and become a neutral state.

➡️Russia was unnerved when an uprising in 2014 replaced Ukraine’s Russia-friendly president with an unequivocally Western-facing government.

➡️Most former Soviet republics and allies in Europe had already joined the European Union or Nato. Ukraine’s lurch away from Russian influence felt like the final death knell for Russian power in Eastern Europe.
after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia lost control of 14 former republics including Ukraine.

✴️Delegations from Ukraine and Russia are holding a third round of talks

Image source :-   aljazeera.com
➡️Moscow has announced a temporary ceasefire and a plan to evacuate Ukrainians from several cities, mainly to Russia and Belarus.
➡️Kyiv has rejected the proposal as “immoral” and said Ukrainian citizens should be allowed to evacuate to other parts of Ukraine.
➡️Previous ceasefire attempts in the southeastern port city of Mariupol collapsed over the weekend.
➡️Russia’s top diplomat will reportedly meet with his Ukrainian counterpart on Thursday in Turkey.
The UN has warned that Russia’s invasion has triggered the fasting-growing refugee crisis in Europe since World War II.

✴️Effects Of The Russo-Ukrain War on Indian Economy

➡️ The Economic Survey had forecast 8-8.5% growth in FY23 at the end of January, days after the International Monetary Fund (IMF) had pegged India's gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the year at 7.1%.
Oil prices have hit their highest levels in almost a decade. 

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