How the Jantar Mantar Protests Forced India to Confront Its Examination Crisis

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  How the Jantar Mantar Protests Forced India to Confront Its Examination Crisis Every year, millions of Indian students dedicate months, sometimes years, to preparing for competitive examinations that shape their futures. Among these, the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) is one of India's most important and competitive entrance exams, serving as the gateway to medical education. In 2026, that trust was severely tested. Following allegations of a large-scale question paper leak, the NEET examination came under intense public scrutiny. Investigations, public outrage, and the decision to conduct one of the largest re-examinations in India's history transformed what initially appeared to be an examination scandal into a national debate about accountability and educational reform. More Than Just One Examination The controversy was not only about a leaked paper. It reflected growing frustration over repeated examination irregularities seen across various competitive and...
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The Universe

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๐Ÿ’ What is Universe?

➡️ Everything that exists, from the tiniest subatomic particles to the galactic supercluster (the largest known structure )together, comprises the Universe.
         It is very large in dimension and size. Nobody knows exactly how big it is but astronomers estimated that it contains about 100 billion galaxies each comprising 100 billion stars.

๐Ÿ’  Is the universe expanding?

➡️ The answer Is yes it is expanding.
        
➡️The evolutionary theory of the universe confirms the principle that the distribution of galaxies is uniform in all directions throughout space.

๐Ÿ’ What are galaxies

➡️ A Galaxy is a large mass of stars, nebulae, and interstellar material. The largest contains up to 3000 billion stars while the smallest galaxies contain about  100,000 stars.

➡️ A galaxy is a giant family of billions of stars and is held together by its gravitational fields .it is a major building block of the universe.

▶️From the billions  of galaxies two basic types have been identified

1. Regular galaxies:- these may be disc-shaped elliptical and they generally have new stars. And the stars of the irregular galaxies are very old.
(i)Spiral Galaxy:- the milky way and the great galaxy in Andromeda are examples of large spiral galaxies.
        ➡️They are well-supplied with interstellar gas in which new bright young sters are formed.
As the rotating spiral pattern sweeps around the galaxies it encompasses #gas and dust,  triggering the #formation of bright young stars in its arms.

(ii)Elliptical galaxies:- these galaxies are generally smaller than spiral galaxies. Most abundant are probably the elliptical galaxies.
       ➡️ They are generally symmetrical or spherical with no obvious structure.
There most of the stars are very old and no new stars are formed in them.

➡️the smallest of them are termed              "dwarfs". The largest known elliptical galaxy is 200,000 light years in diameter.

➡️the biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe are elliptical with masses of 10 ^13 times that of our sun.
▶️about two third of all galaxies are elliptical.

2. Irregular galaxies:- irregular galaxies comprise about one-tenth of all galaxies and come in many subclasses.

➡️Generally irregular galaxies contain old stars and some of them have a mixture of old and new.
๐Ÿ’ The "milky way " and the other spiral galaxies consist of a population of old stars๐Ÿ’ซ in the center and the youngest at the arms.
       ➡️our galaxy the milky way๐ŸŒŒ  is the galaxy that includes our "solar system" with the name describing the galaxy that appears from the ๐ŸŒ earth.

✨Radius - 52,850 lightyears
✨Age:- 13.61 billion years.
✨Absolute magnitude - 21
✨Esape velocity- 550 km/a
✨Number of stars - 100-400 billion((1-4)*10 ^11)
✨Declination - 29°00'28.16994
✨Constellation - ♐ Sagittarius, Orion, Scorpius, carina, Ara, Auria. 

Image source :- prepp.in

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