The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

-
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) , introduced in 2005 by the Ministry of Rural Development , is one of the world's largest work guarantee programs.  It aims to strengthen livelihood security in rural areas by providing 100 days of assured wage employment each year to adult members of rural households willing to engage in unskilled manual labor. This initiative plays a vital role in promoting economic stability, empowering communities, and fostering sustainable development across India's rural landscape. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) stands as a monumental testament to India's commitment to social welfare and rural empowerment. Enacted in 2005, this groundbreaking initiative has evolved into one of the most significant pillars of support for rural populations across the country. Imagine a program that guarantees 100 days of wage employment annually to adult members of rural households—this is not jus...
Post a Comment

The Universe

-

💠What is Universe?

➡️ Everything that exists, from the tiniest subatomic particles to the galactic supercluster (the largest known structure )together, comprises the Universe.
         It is very large in dimension and size. Nobody knows exactly how big it is but astronomers estimated that it contains about 100 billion galaxies each comprising 100 billion stars.

💠 Is the universe expanding?

➡️ The answer Is yes it is expanding.
        
➡️The evolutionary theory of the universe confirms the principle that the distribution of galaxies is uniform in all directions throughout space.

💠What are galaxies

➡️ A Galaxy is a large mass of stars, nebulae, and interstellar material. The largest contains up to 3000 billion stars while the smallest galaxies contain about  100,000 stars.

➡️ A galaxy is a giant family of billions of stars and is held together by its gravitational fields .it is a major building block of the universe.

▶️From the billions  of galaxies two basic types have been identified

1. Regular galaxies:- these may be disc-shaped elliptical and they generally have new stars. And the stars of the irregular galaxies are very old.
(i)Spiral Galaxy:- the milky way and the great galaxy in Andromeda are examples of large spiral galaxies.
        ➡️They are well-supplied with interstellar gas in which new bright young sters are formed.
As the rotating spiral pattern sweeps around the galaxies it encompasses #gas and dust,  triggering the #formation of bright young stars in its arms.

(ii)Elliptical galaxies:- these galaxies are generally smaller than spiral galaxies. Most abundant are probably the elliptical galaxies.
       ➡️ They are generally symmetrical or spherical with no obvious structure.
There most of the stars are very old and no new stars are formed in them.

➡️the smallest of them are termed              "dwarfs". The largest known elliptical galaxy is 200,000 light years in diameter.

➡️the biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe are elliptical with masses of 10 ^13 times that of our sun.
▶️about two third of all galaxies are elliptical.

2. Irregular galaxies:- irregular galaxies comprise about one-tenth of all galaxies and come in many subclasses.

➡️Generally irregular galaxies contain old stars and some of them have a mixture of old and new.
💠The "milky way " and the other spiral galaxies consist of a population of old stars💫 in the center and the youngest at the arms.
       ➡️our galaxy the milky way🌌  is the galaxy that includes our "solar system" with the name describing the galaxy that appears from the 🌐 earth.

✨Radius - 52,850 lightyears
✨Age:- 13.61 billion years.
✨Absolute magnitude - 21
✨Esape velocity- 550 km/a
✨Number of stars - 100-400 billion((1-4)*10 ^11)
✨Declination - 29°00'28.16994
✨Constellation - ♐ Sagittarius, Orion, Scorpius, carina, Ara, Auria. 

Image source :- prepp.in

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Is the Sanctity of Parliamentary Debate, Which Lies at the Core of Democratic Decision-Making, Being Compromised?

-
From the historical view where the core of parliamentary debates was based on public welfare, the utilitarianism principle where every individual was very much aware of being responsible for his/her words towards the public, their actions and reactions were under the basic rule. The decorum of parliament was maintained and the politicians were public servants thinking of a collective decision where the core value was to take a step in the public welfare way. Thinking of that era when like-minded people were making decisions for a common vision that was devoted to a well-developed nation as a whole. But if we talk about today's debates they sound to be senseless.   Fighting with the elders, breaking public property, unethical slogans, and quotations to put-down the individual's public and private image is not at all the act of the responsible member of parliament. The core value is dying with the baseless debates where logical thinking and analytical norms are missing. There wa...
Read more

‘India had parliamentary institutions when people of Europe were mere nomads’

-
Image
The quote by  Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, "India had parliamentary institutions when people of Europe were mere nomads,"  is a powerful testament to the ancient civilization's early advancements in governance and societal structures. It speaks volumes about the historical context of India's political systems, which were far more developed than often recognized in the common Eurocentric narrative of history. This essay will delve into the implications of Ambedkar's statement, exploring its historical accuracy, its significance in the context of Indian pride and identity, and its relevance in contemporary discussions about the origins and evolution of democratic institutions. Firstly, various historical records and scholarly research support the assertion that India had parliamentary institutions in ancient times. The 'sabha' and 'samiti' of the Vedic period, for instance, are indicative of consultative assemblies that played a role in governance. These bodie...
Read more

Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986

-
 The Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986 is a cornerstone in the Indian judicial history, highlighting the delicate balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government . The case stemmed from a practice that had become routine for the Bihar government: the re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative approval, a process that Dr. D.C. Wadhwa, an economics professor, found to be a subversion of democratic principles . The Supreme Court's decision in this case was a resounding affirmation of constitutional law and its supremacy over executive convenience. By declaring the practice of re-promulgating ordinances without legislative consent as unconstitutional, the court reinforced the necessity of legislative scrutiny and the impermanence of ordinances, which are meant to be emergency measures, not a backdoor for enacting laws. This landmark judgment serves as a reminder of the importance of checks and balances within ...
Read more