BLACK SEA GRAIN INITIATIVE
├╝ The Black Sea Grain Initiative, signed in
Istanbul on 22 July 2022, has been extended.
├╝ The Initiative allows for the facilitation of
the safe navigation for the exports of grain and related foodstuffs and
fertilizers, including ammonia, from designated Ukrainian seaports.
├╝ During
the first two terms,
some 25 million metric tones of grain and foodstuffs have been moved to 45
countries, helping to bring down global food prices and stabilizing the
markets.
The Initiative specifically allows for commercial food and
fertilizer (including ammonia) exports from three key Ukrainian ports in the
Black Sea –
├Ш Odesa,
├Ш Chornomorsk,
├Ш Yuzhny/Pivdennyi
- why it is called black sea initiative?
It is called black sea initiative because the countries
involved in this initiative are the black sea bordered countries.
The Joint Coordination
Centre (JCC) was established to
monitor the implementation of the Initiative. The Joint Coordination Centre is hosted in Istanbul and
includes representatives from Russia, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Nations. The UN acts also as the Secretariat for the Centre.
|
Corn
|
51
%
|
|
Wheat
|
27%
|
|
Sunflower
meal
|
6%
|
|
Sunflower
oil
|
5%
|
|
Other
|
11%
|
The Black Sea Grain Initiative benefits :
- Calm
markets.
- Safeguard
against price spikes.
- Stabilize the world’s food supply
International Rules of Passage through Sea:
LETS KNOW MORE ABOUT BLACK SEA
- Geographical Location of Black Sea:
├╝ The Black Sea is
connected to the Mediterranean Sea by two narrow straits, the Bosporus, which opens to
the Sea of Marmara (Turkey), and the Dardanelles Strait (Strait of Gallipoli),
which connects to the Aegean Sea. From
there, the Suez
Canal through the Red Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar provide access to the major shipping lanes of the
world's oceans.
├╝ The Istanbul Canal is a canal
planned by the Turkish government for shipping. It
is to run parallel to the Bosporus in the western part of Istanbul and connect
the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara.
├╝ The Black Sea, also
known as the Euxine Sea, is one of the major water bodies and a
famous inland sea
of the world.
├╝ This marginal
sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between Eastern Europe
and Western Asia.
├╝ It is surrounded by
the Pontic, Caucasus, and Crimean Mountains in the south, east
and north respectively.
├╝ The Turkish straits
system - the Dardanelles, Bosporus and Marmara Sea - forms a
transitional zone between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
├╝ The Black Sea is also
connected to the Sea of Azov by the Strait
of Kerch.
├╝ The bordering
countries of
Black Sea are: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria
and Romania.
├╝ The Turkish straits
system - the Dardanelles,
Bosporus and Marmara Sea - forms a transitional zone between the Mediterranean and
the Black Sea.
v There is a significant
absence of oxygen in the water.
v The Black Sea is the largest meromictic body of water in the
world, which means there is no mixing of the layers of the water body. Unlike
most other seas, surface
water does not mix with deep water in the Black Sea. Oxygen is only present in
the uppermost layers of water, where it enables an abundance of marine life.
Below a depth of about 150 m, oxygen is no longer present and is
therefore uninhabitable for higher organisms.
v
The anoxic condition is also caused due to the presence
of the process of Eutrophication in
the sea.
Q. Black sea which is a landlocked sea
between eastern Europe and Asia . Which strait connects Mediterranean sea to
black sea.
├╝ ANS. The Black Sea is connected to
the Mediterranean Sea by two narrow straits, the Bosporus, which opens to
the Sea of Marmara (Turkey), and the Dardanelles Strait (Strait of Gallipoli),
which connects to the Aegean Sea. From
there, the Suez
Canal through the Red Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar provide access to the major shipping lanes of the
world's oceans.
├╝ Source : united nations website, unctad and THE HINDU
├╝ for more details you can
visit
├╝ https://www.un.org/en/black-sea-grain-initiative/vessel-movements
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