Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986

 The Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986 is a cornerstone in the Indian judicial history, highlighting the delicate balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government . The case stemmed from a practice that had become routine for the Bihar government: the re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative approval, a process that Dr. D.C. Wadhwa, an economics professor, found to be a subversion of democratic principles . The Supreme Court's decision in this case was a resounding affirmation of constitutional law and its supremacy over executive convenience. By declaring the practice of re-promulgating ordinances without legislative consent as unconstitutional, the court reinforced the necessity of legislative scrutiny and the impermanence of ordinances, which are meant to be emergency measures, not a backdoor for enacting laws. This landmark judgment serves as a reminder of the importance of checks and balances within

THE BURNING BLAZES OF CANADA

 


The uncontrolled blaze of Canada is a serious issue of concern, which is effecting the ecological balance of the Canadians biological system.

the climate change in Canada is the root cause of the wild fires in Canada  . according to the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC),  After the beginning of industrial revolution the most important cause of climate change in Canada is mainly due to the human activities of burning fossil fuels in a large extent and due to this the vast area of land has been changed from forest to farmlands.

Burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. It is called a greenhouse gas because it produces a “greenhouse effect”. The greenhouse effect makes the earth warmer, just as a greenhouse is warmer than its surroundings.

Carbon dioxide(CO2) is the main cause of human-induced climate change.

It stays in the atmosphere for a very long time. Other greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide, stay in the atmosphere for a long time. Other substances only produce short-term effects.

Not all substances produce warming. Some, like certain aerosols, can produce cooling.

significant strides to curb climate change

since carbon dioxide is the main cause of human-induced climate change leading to the global warming so the most important step to curb the emission of carbon dioxide(co2) should be lemmatizing the burning of fossil fuels, setting up effective rules and guidelines for the industries to limit the emission of carbon dioxide. since co2 is a long lived gas which means it will remain in the atmosphere for centuries so to stop this threat of global warming we need to reduce the human fossil fuel combustion and industrial process to zero, but even with zero emissions, the global temperature will remain essentially constant at its new warmer level. Emissions of other substances that warm the climate must also be substantially reduced. This indicates how difficult the challenge is.

now the question arises what is climate change?

Climate change is a long-term shift in weather conditions identified by changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators.

The earth's climate is naturally variable on all time scales. However, its long-term state and average temperature are regulated by the balance between incoming and outgoing energy, which determines the Earth's energy balance. Any factor that causes a sustained change to the amount of incoming energy or the amount of outgoing energy can lead to climate change.

factors responsible for climatic change can be broadly divided into two categories -

  1. ·       natural process
  2. ·       human activities

over the past century solar radiations have contributed to the climatic trends at a great extent. After the beginning of industrial revolution  the effect of additions of greenhousegases to the atmosphere has been over 50 times that of changes in the Sun's output.

According to the Canadian climate institute by 2025 climate induced damages will slow Canada's economic growth by 2025 annually which means it is a threat to the economic conditions too.

The adverse effect on human health

The air quality of New York city has deteriorated as smoke from the Canadian wildfires poured into the US East Coast and Midwest, with data showing that the pollution level in the metropolitan city was highest among significant cities worldwide, even surpassing New Delhi.

The New York city reduced an AQI of 342, a level considerable as most " hazardous " for all residents.

"Our modern industrial economy takes a mountain covered with trees, lakes, running streams and transforms it into a mountain of junk, garbage, slime pits, and debris."

There is sufficiency in the world for man's need but not for man's greed.

Mohandas K. Gandhi

 

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