Comparative Analysis of Past Delimitation Exercises & Their Impact on Governance

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                          Comparative Analysis  Delimitation is the process of redrawing the boundaries of electoral constituencies to ensure fair representation based on population changes . In India, it is conducted by the Delimitation Commission , an independent body established under Article 82 (for Lok Sabha) and Article 170 (for State Assemblies) after every Census . Key Objectives of Delimitation ✔ Equal Representation – Ensures constituencies have uniform voter strength , preventing overrepresentation or underrepresentation.  ✔ Electoral Integrity – Adjusts boundaries to reflect demographic shifts , maintaining fair political representation .  ✔ Reservation Adjustments – Determines SC/ST reserved seats based on population distribution. Historical Timeline of Delimitation in India 📌 1952 – First delimitation based on the  1951 Census .  📌 1963 – Adjustments after state reorga...
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Euthalia malaccana

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                       Euthalia malaccana 

✔ GS Paper 3 (Biodiversity & Conservation) ✔ GS Paper 1 (Geography & Environmental Significance) ✔ Current Affairs – Ecological Discoveries in India.

New Butterfly Species Discovery – UPSC Significance

✅ Scientific Classification:

  • Euthalia malaccana, a newly confirmed butterfly species in India.

  • Previously considered a subspecies of Euthalia adonia.

✅ Discovery in India:

  • Location: Basar, Leparada District, Arunachal Pradesh

  • Altitude: 685 meters above sea level

  • First Confirmed Sightings: 2023–2024

  • Researchers: Roshan Upadhaya & Taslima Sheikh

✅ Distinctive Features:

  • Males – Blue apical spot on forewings.

  • Females – Larger apical spots, reduced red markings on hindwings.




✅ Scientific Documentation:

  • Published in SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia (International Butterfly Research Journal).




Why This Matters for UPSC?

✅ Biodiversity Conservation – Northeast India’s transition zone between Indian & Indo-Malayan realms. 

✅ Citizen Science Contributions – Strengthening ecological documentation efforts. 

✅ Geographical Distribution – Found in Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sunda Islands, and now in India. 

✅ Conservation Policies – Aligns with Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework & India's Wildlife Protection Act.



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