The Fifth and Sixth Schedules

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 The Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Indian Constitution provide special provisions for the administration of tribal areas, ensuring their governance aligns with their unique cultural and social structures.

Fifth Schedule – Scheduled Areas & Tribes (Article 244(1))

  • Applies to: Tribal areas in 10 states, excluding the northeastern states.

  • Governance:

    • The President can declare an area as a Scheduled Area.

    • The Governor submits reports on the administration of these areas.

    • A Tribes Advisory Council (TAC) is established to advise on tribal welfare.

  • Objective: Protect tribal rights, land, and autonomy while integrating them into national development.

Sixth Schedule – Autonomous Tribal Areas (Article 244(2))

  • Applies to: Tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.

  • Governance:

    • Areas are designated as Autonomous Districts.

    • District Councils & Regional Councils have legislative powers over land, forests, inheritance, and tribal customs.

    • Councils can establish courts for tribal disputes.

  • Objective: Preserve tribal identity, prevent exploitation, and ensure self-governance.

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