The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016

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The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 is a critical topic for the UPSC Civil Services Examination, particularly under GS Paper II (Social Justice and Governance) . It replaced the PwD Act of 1995 to comply with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Key Highlights of the RPwD Act, 2016 1. Expanded Definition of Disability The Act increased the number of recognized disabilities from 7 to 21.   Added Disabilities : Cerebral Palsy, Dwarfism, Muscular Dystrophy, Acid Attack victims, Speech and Language disability, Specific Learning Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Chronic Neurological conditions (Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s), Blood Disorders (Haemophilia, Thalassemia, Sickle Cell disease), and Multiple Disabilities.   The Central Government maintains the power to add more types of disabilities to this list. 2. Rights and Entitlements  ✅  Education : Children with "benchmark disabilities...
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The Fifth and Sixth Schedules

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 The Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Indian Constitution provide special provisions for the administration of tribal areas, ensuring their governance aligns with their unique cultural and social structures.

Fifth Schedule – Scheduled Areas & Tribes (Article 244(1))

  • Applies to: Tribal areas in 10 states, excluding the northeastern states.

  • Governance:

    • The President can declare an area as a Scheduled Area.

    • The Governor submits reports on the administration of these areas.

    • A Tribes Advisory Council (TAC) is established to advise on tribal welfare.

  • Objective: Protect tribal rights, land, and autonomy while integrating them into national development.

Sixth Schedule – Autonomous Tribal Areas (Article 244(2))

  • Applies to: Tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.

  • Governance:

    • Areas are designated as Autonomous Districts.

    • District Councils & Regional Councils have legislative powers over land, forests, inheritance, and tribal customs.

    • Councils can establish courts for tribal disputes.

  • Objective: Preserve tribal identity, prevent exploitation, and ensure self-governance.

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