Posts

Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986

 The Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986 is a cornerstone in the Indian judicial history, highlighting the delicate balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government . The case stemmed from a practice that had become routine for the Bihar government: the re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative approval, a process that Dr. D.C. Wadhwa, an economics professor, found to be a subversion of democratic principles . The Supreme Court's decision in this case was a resounding affirmation of constitutional law and its supremacy over executive convenience. By declaring the practice of re-promulgating ordinances without legislative consent as unconstitutional, the court reinforced the necessity of legislative scrutiny and the impermanence of ordinances, which are meant to be emergency measures, not a backdoor for enacting laws. This landmark judgment serves as a reminder of the importance of checks and balances within

🚩"An urgent need for discussion"

Image

"The Nations Pride is in Danger"

Image

🚩Right to Equality (Articles 14 - 18)🚩

🔱The right to equality under the Indian Constitution provides the right to the citizen of India to be treated equally in other words  every individual should be  treated eqally before the law. It prevents discrimination on various grounds, treats everybody as equals in matters of public employment and abolishes untouchability, and titles (such as Sir, Rai Bahadur, etc.) 🚩#The Fundamental Right to Equality is related to :-  👉1. Equality before Law💡 (Article 14), 👉 2. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex, or Place of Birth💡 (Article 15),  👉3. Equal Opportunity in matters of Public Employment 💡(Article 16),  👉4. Abolition of Untouchability 💡 (Article 17),  👉5. Abolition of Titles💡(Article 18).

🚩Domestic content requirements 🚩🚀

1) Domestic content requirements under India’s National Solar Mission. 2) Corporate tax deductions provided under the SEZ 3) Controversial Section 232 tariffs imposed under the U.S. Trade Expansion Act, 1962. The U.S. had imposed an additional duty of 25% on steel and 10% on aluminium, triggering a series of WTO challenges and unilateral trade responses.  4) India will remove the additional duties, which were retaliatory in nature, on certain U.S. agricultural imports which had suffered certain collateral damage on account of the Section 232 measures. India will now revert to the currently applied ‘most favoured nation’ (MFN) rate for eight products. In other words, India is only removing the retaliatory duties on these eight products and not offering any preferential concessions on them. The MFN-applied rates would continue to apply to these products. 👉Lesson learnt - A greater use of diplomacy and bilateral negotiations can be more practically useful when adjudicatory outcomes are n

🚩Clean energy ministerial(CEM)🚩🚀

🚩Clean energy ministerial(CEM) is a global coalition of public and private organisation aims to reduce the carbon industrial material . 👉Hosted annually 👉support broad range of clean energy policy and technology for enhancing the human capacity . 👉Was composed on 31st nov 2022. 👉The United states,chile,china,canada, Denmark, European Commision ,India (current hosts), Brazil (upcoming hosts), United Kingdom, Mexico, and Saudi Arabia. 👉Before at formation secretarian of CEM in 2010, was within the US Department of Energy. But in 2016 at the 7th Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM7) in San Francisco. 👉Now it has mived forward to launch "CEM 2.0" for effective implementation of its objective and mire oarticipation from other countries. its secretarian moved to IEA(International Energy Agency),In paris 2016.

🚩Indus Water Treaty of 19 sep 1960🚩

Image
🚩Indus water treaty 1960🚩 image source:- wikipedia 👉 It is a water sharing pact between India-Pakistan which was signed in sep 19,1960 brokered by the World Bank. 👉The treaty aimed at the satisfactory utilization of water flow of Indus and its tributaries (Ravi,beas,satluj,jhelam and chenab). 👉Indus(Sindhu)is a transboundary  river of Asia and trans- himalayan river from the source of Mansarover lake . originates from north east of mount Kailash in westeren tibbet. It bends around the Naga Parbat massif,and flows by south to south-west through Pakistan before entering into the Arabian sea near the port city of Karachi. 👉States of provience - Tibattian autonomous region,Gilgit-Baltistan,Khyber paas,Pakhtoonkhawa,Punjab and sindh. 👉This treaty gives the control over the water of three 📍"easteren rivers" 📌Beas(Rohtang la), 📌Ravi(bara bangal,branch of dhauladhar )and  📌satluj (Rakshas tal lake near mansarover and mt. Kailash)with 41 billion m3 of annual wat

🚩Pilot Whales🚩

Image
🚩Pilot whales are the Species of oceanic dolphines known for their strong social bond which belongs to the family of Delphinidae and genus Globicephaka. image source- Ocean research conservation association (Ireland) 📍IUCN status - red list of threatened species "least concern" shedule -3 👉Long finned- they have bulbous type heads and sickle shaped flippers. (Cold water) 👉Short-Tropical and subtropical. 👉Largest family of dolphines after killer whales. 👉NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), estimates their weight upto 5000 pound. 👉they are medium sized whale ranging from 19-25 feet. 👉Naturally they live in a group of 20 Individuals. 👉Mainly found in North Atlantic region . 👉specially spotted in places like -chile,argentina,south africa,australia and new zealand. 👉also have presence in tropicalAnd temperate waters of Indian,Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. 👉DDT,Cadmium and mercury can affect their survival. For more details visi