🚩Indus Water Treaty of 19 sep 1960🚩

🚩Indus water treaty 1960🚩

image source:- wikipedia

👉 It is a water sharing pact between India-Pakistan which was signed in sep 19,1960 brokered by the World Bank.

👉The treaty aimed at the satisfactory utilization of water flow of Indus and its tributaries (Ravi,beas,satluj,jhelam and chenab).

👉Indus(Sindhu)is a transboundary  river of Asia and trans- himalayan river from the source of Mansarover lake . originates from north east of mount Kailash in westeren tibbet. It bends around the Naga Parbat massif,and flows by south to south-west through Pakistan before entering into the Arabian sea near the port city of Karachi.

👉States of provience - Tibattian autonomous region,Gilgit-Baltistan,Khyber paas,Pakhtoonkhawa,Punjab and sindh.

👉This treaty gives the control over the water of three 📍"easteren rivers"

📌Beas(Rohtang la),

📌Ravi(bara bangal,branch of dhauladhar )and 

📌satluj (Rakshas tal lake near mansarover and mt. Kailash)with 41 billion m3 of annual water flow to India . 

📍the "three westeren" rivers 

📌Indus (mansarover lake,tibattian region),

📌Chenab(baralacha la himachal pradesh)and 

📌Jhelam also known as vitasta  (Pir panjal range)with a mean annual flow of water 99 billion m3- to pakistan.

⛔treaty provisions

1. According to A-1 of IWT any river or its tributaries and its catchment area which are not a part of these 5 rivers is a part of Indus river system including creeks,delta channel and connecting lakes.

👉The treaty allocates the easteren river system as an exclusive use status for India after the permitted water use of Pakistan.similarly westeren after uses permission of India.

💡Dams constructed after the mutual agreement- Salal dam(Hydro electric Power station)is the run-of-the-river hydropower project on chenab river in Reasi district of J and K.1st hydropower project by India under Indus-water-treaty completed in 1987.{currently run at 57% capacity factor}.

👉Cases of Dispute-Permanent court of arbitration(PCA).

🚩Result- 

The treaty resulted in partitioning Of the river rather than sharing .