Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986

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 The Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986 is a cornerstone in the Indian judicial history, highlighting the delicate balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government . The case stemmed from a practice that had become routine for the Bihar government: the re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative approval, a process that Dr. D.C. Wadhwa, an economics professor, found to be a subversion of democratic principles . The Supreme Court's decision in this case was a resounding affirmation of constitutional law and its supremacy over executive convenience. By declaring the practice of re-promulgating ordinances without legislative consent as unconstitutional, the court reinforced the necessity of legislative scrutiny and the impermanence of ordinances, which are meant to be emergency measures, not a backdoor for enacting laws. This landmark judgment serves as a reminder of the importance of checks and balances within
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🚩Amu Darya river

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⏩ series.places in news 24/06/2023

image source :- {researchgate}
🚩Amu Darya, English Amu River, Tajik Daryoi Amu, Turkmen Amyderya, Uzbek Amudaryo, ancient name Oxus River, one of the longest rivers of Central Asia.


🟦ORIGINATION - The river is formed by the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj (Pyandzh) rivers (at which point it becomes known as the Amu Darya)


🟫AREA COVERED - flows west-northwest in its upper course the Amu Darya forms part of Afghanistan’s northern border with ◾Tajikistan, ◾Uzbekistan, and ◾Turkmenistan then flows across the desert of eastern Turkmenistan and in its lower course forms part of the boundary between Uzbekistan to the northeast and Turkmenistan to the southwest. ✅The Amu Darya is 879 miles (1,415 km) long, but its length is 1,578 miles (2,540 km) if measured from the sources of its headstream, the Panj River, in the Pamirs

💠DRAIN- In the past the Amu Darya discharged into the Aral Sea, but the diversion of river water for agriculture in the 20th and 21st centuries has contributed to the shrinking of the Aral Sea and ensured that the river no longer reaches its historic terminus.

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