The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016

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The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 is a critical topic for the UPSC Civil Services Examination, particularly under GS Paper II (Social Justice and Governance) . It replaced the PwD Act of 1995 to comply with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Key Highlights of the RPwD Act, 2016 1. Expanded Definition of Disability The Act increased the number of recognized disabilities from 7 to 21.   Added Disabilities : Cerebral Palsy, Dwarfism, Muscular Dystrophy, Acid Attack victims, Speech and Language disability, Specific Learning Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Chronic Neurological conditions (Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s), Blood Disorders (Haemophilia, Thalassemia, Sickle Cell disease), and Multiple Disabilities.   The Central Government maintains the power to add more types of disabilities to this list. 2. Rights and Entitlements  ✅  Education : Children with "benchmark disabilities...
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🚩Enforcement Directorate🚩

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🚩How you can make  ED as an Effective organization to fulfill its objectives.


👉 Enforcement Directorate (ED) is a multi-diciplinary organization mandated with the investigation of offences if "Money Laundering" and Violations of foreign exchange laws.
👉Wirks under the "Department of Revenue of Ministery of finance.

🔱 Effective measures fir strengthening ED-

👉The "Selective Prosecution" system under FEMA(Foreign exchange management Act,1947) and PMLA(Prevention of Money Laundering,2002) should be solely controlled by ED and not by any political entity.
👉The Extension of Power of ED is needed to be reformed under PMLA,2002 and FEOA,2018 .
- One permanent vigilence body for making records and proofs of Investigation until its judgement.

👉The implementation if "Digital Display Board" fir the transperacy in the number cases recorded,running,judged and solved for a better structural system.

👉The role of civil societies
- they can act as a "Whistle blower" to curb the "venality in investigation committee.
- Can act as a "safeguard" to person against whom the case has been  filed . Safeguarding the right to "due process" enshrined in article -21 and A-22 , to mandate that no person can be arrested without informing him/her of the grounds of arrest ,they had contended.

👉"Balancing Agreement" Approach shall be implemented by other vigillance committee such as NIA,CBI,NCB,SFIO , if the case is not investigated in a proper manner. This will lead to the faster result of the case.

🔱Way Forward-
👉The "Blancket Power " of arrest, investigation,filing a case should be limitized by an effective laws by law commission s.

👉There should be a "vigilance committee " as a "guardian" of fair investigation.

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