Comparative Analysis of Past Delimitation Exercises & Their Impact on Governance

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                          Comparative Analysis  Delimitation is the process of redrawing the boundaries of electoral constituencies to ensure fair representation based on population changes . In India, it is conducted by the Delimitation Commission , an independent body established under Article 82 (for Lok Sabha) and Article 170 (for State Assemblies) after every Census . Key Objectives of Delimitation ✔ Equal Representation – Ensures constituencies have uniform voter strength , preventing overrepresentation or underrepresentation.  ✔ Electoral Integrity – Adjusts boundaries to reflect demographic shifts , maintaining fair political representation .  ✔ Reservation Adjustments – Determines SC/ST reserved seats based on population distribution. Historical Timeline of Delimitation in India 📌 1952 – First delimitation based on the  1951 Census .  📌 1963 – Adjustments after state reorga...
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Palindaba treaty and ITEC

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✴️Palindaba Treaty✴️
👉It stands for African Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty.
👉It stablishes a nuclear weapon free zone in africa.
👉The treaty was signed in 1996 and came into effect in july 2009.
👉It aims at preventing nuclear proliferation and preventing strategic minerals of Africavfrom being exported fully.
👉The NPT non signatories member parties are prohibited to come in bilateral agreements.
👉In 2016 Nambia critisized the treaty of palindaba for disallowing Namibia to trade Uranium to India because India is not a member of NPT.
✴️NPT👉Non Proliferation Treaty is an intergovernmental treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of Nuclear Weapon and weapons technology.

📝Q. 4 what is  ITEC ?
✅ ITEC is the Indian Technical Economic Program.which was instituted by a decision of the Indian Cabinet on 15th sep 1964 as a bilateral program of assistance of the government of India.
👉Purpose- It was set up in belief that "It is necessary to establish relation of mutual concerns and interdependence based not only on commonly held ideals and inspiration but also on solid economuc foundation.
👉Ministry of External Affairs{MEA}administers ITEC.
👉Funding till now - $2 billion
👉 Indian council for agricultural Research (ICAR) and Indira Gandhi National Open University {IGNOU} played a crucial role in facilitating ITEC assistance.
👉Scope- since 2000,as India witnessed rapid economic growth . Earlier we were the largest recipient of aid but since 2000 India emerged as a net donor of foreign aid.


✴️Q. Which countries recieves Indias assistance under the ITEC.


✅Along with the special common wealth assistance for Africa program. ITEC covers around 158 countries across Asia,Africa,Latin America,Europe, and Carebbian Nations.
✅70% of the grants under ITEC is given to south asian countries.
✅ African countrues are major beneficiaries if Line of credit (LOC).
✅Apart from suppirting countries the resources of ITEC were also used for financing regional initiatives aling with the UNIDO,G77 etc.
✅In Africa ,Afro-asians rurals reconstruction organisation,COMESA,the Africsn union (AU) commision also recieved assistance under ITEC.
✴️Area covered under ITEC are banking,IT, personnal management etc. This assistance covers the training provided for the  civil and defence personnal activities such as cunsultancy services,study tours,donation of equipments.

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