Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986

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 The Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986 is a cornerstone in the Indian judicial history, highlighting the delicate balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government . The case stemmed from a practice that had become routine for the Bihar government: the re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative approval, a process that Dr. D.C. Wadhwa, an economics professor, found to be a subversion of democratic principles . The Supreme Court's decision in this case was a resounding affirmation of constitutional law and its supremacy over executive convenience. By declaring the practice of re-promulgating ordinances without legislative consent as unconstitutional, the court reinforced the necessity of legislative scrutiny and the impermanence of ordinances, which are meant to be emergency measures, not a backdoor for enacting laws. This landmark judgment serves as a reminder of the importance of checks and balances within
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Africa Asia Growth Corridor {AAGC}

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🚩 1/07/2023🚩

image source : AAGC

✴️AAGC

✅It stands for Africa Asia Growth Corridor Program
✅It is a study jointly produced by the Research Institutions of India and Japan in consultation with other Asian and African " Think Tanks ".
✅It envisages the close engagement between India and Africa for "Sustainable and Innovative development which will be anchored on four pillers.
⚜️Development Coperation Projects.
⚜️Quality Infrastructure and Institutional Connectivity.
⚜️Enhancing Capacities and skills.
⚜️People to people Partnership.

✴️ Special Focus on the Africa,India, South east asia ,east asia and oceania.


📝Q.2 What is India -Africa Summit? How many times it has happened and why it has not been held after the 3rd summit .

✅India-Africa Summit is a forum to re-initiate and reboot relation between India and African countries.


✅Till now 3 summits has been organised they are:-
👉1. Started from 2008 with  New Delhi as its 1st venue.
👉2. Second was in Addis Ababa 2011.
👉3. Third summit was sheduled to be in 2014,whichbwas posponed due to Ebola Outbreak and took place in oct 2015 in New Delhi.
✴️ With the resurgence in India's support for the priorities of the global south there is an exception of institutional arrangements with regional fora.

✴️3 major reasons for the delay of the summits are-
👉Pandemic Situation.
👉Size of the 4th summit which is large as compared to the previous ones leads to the time-cunsuption and unmanageable (reason given by the external affair minister s jayshankar after his recent visits to african countries)
👉the disfunctional  Arab-Maghreb union.
👉The diffrence between algeria and morocco.

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 The Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986 is a cornerstone in the Indian judicial history, highlighting the delicate balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government . The case stemmed from a practice that had become routine for the Bihar government: the re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative approval, a process that Dr. D.C. Wadhwa, an economics professor, found to be a subversion of democratic principles . The Supreme Court's decision in this case was a resounding affirmation of constitutional law and its supremacy over executive convenience. By declaring the practice of re-promulgating ordinances without legislative consent as unconstitutional, the court reinforced the necessity of legislative scrutiny and the impermanence of ordinances, which are meant to be emergency measures, not a backdoor for enacting laws. This landmark judgment serves as a reminder of the importance of checks and balances within
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