The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

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The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) , introduced in 2005 by the Ministry of Rural Development , is one of the world's largest work guarantee programs.  It aims to strengthen livelihood security in rural areas by providing 100 days of assured wage employment each year to adult members of rural households willing to engage in unskilled manual labor. This initiative plays a vital role in promoting economic stability, empowering communities, and fostering sustainable development across India's rural landscape. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) stands as a monumental testament to India's commitment to social welfare and rural empowerment. Enacted in 2005, this groundbreaking initiative has evolved into one of the most significant pillars of support for rural populations across the country. Imagine a program that guarantees 100 days of wage employment annually to adult members of rural households—this is not jus...
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🚩Tropical Cyclones🚩

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image source:- encyclopedia Britannica

📌Tropical Cyclones
1. Tropical cyclones are named according to the rules at regional level.
2. In the Atlantic and in the Southern hemisphere (Indian ocean and South Pacific), tropical cyclones receive names in alphabetical order, and women and men's names are alternated. Nations in the Northern Indian ocean began using a new system for naming tropical cyclones in 2000;
3. the names are listed alphabetically country wise, and are neutral gender wise.

4.  The common rule is that the name list is proposed by the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) of WMO Members of a specific region, and approved by the respective tropical cyclone regional bodies at their annual/biannual sessions.

📌Tropical Cyclone Bhola, which hit  Bangladesh on 12 November 1970, remains the deadliest tropical cyclone on record. It caused the death of between 300 000 and 500 000 people. The tragedy prompted international action and laid the foundation for the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme, which marks its 40 anniversary in 2020.

🟠extra learning🟠

📌Guidelines to name cyclones
⚠️The guidelines to name the cyclones are as follows:

✅1- The proposed name must be neutral to politics and political figures, religious beliefs, cultures and genders.
✅2- It must not hurt the sentiments of any group of people across the world.
✅3- It must not be rude and cruel in nature.
✅4- The name must be short, easy to pronounce and inoffensive to any member.
✅5- It must be of a maximum of eight letters and be given with its pronunciation and voice over.
✅6- The names of cyclones developing over the north Indian Ocean will not be repeated. Once used, it will cease to be used again.
✴️A few examples:👉
1- Cyclone 'Okhi', which came in November 2017, was named by Bangladesh, which means 'Eye' in the Bengali language. Cyclone Fani or Foni was also named by Bangladesh. Fani means 'Hood of a Snake'.
2- On 13 June 2019, cyclone 'Vayu' hit the Gujarat coast. It was named by India and was derived from Sanskrit and Hindi language meaning 'Wind'.
3- Cyclone 'Tauktae' has been named by Myanmar after a reptile which means 'Highly Vocal Lizard'
4- Cyclone Asani has been named by Sri Lanka which means 'Wrath' in Sinhalese.

✴️✴Baground and definition✴️

📌  In 2000, a group of nations called WMO/ESCAP-- Bangladesh, India, the Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand-- decided to name cyclones in the region. In 2018, five more countries were added-- Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. After the aforementioned countries sent in suggestions, the WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones (PTC) finalise the list.
In April 2020, IMD released a list of 169 cyclone names. 13 suggestions were sent in by the aforementioned WMO/ESCAP member nations.


✴️Definition :✴️

The term 'Cyclone' is derived from the Greek word 'Cyclos' which means 'Coiling of the Snake'. Cyclones are created by atmospheric disturbances around a low-pressure area and are usually accompanied by violent storms and severe weather conditions. Basically, a tropical cyclone is a deep low-pressure area.

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