Comparative Analysis of Past Delimitation Exercises & Their Impact on Governance

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                          Comparative Analysis  Delimitation is the process of redrawing the boundaries of electoral constituencies to ensure fair representation based on population changes . In India, it is conducted by the Delimitation Commission , an independent body established under Article 82 (for Lok Sabha) and Article 170 (for State Assemblies) after every Census . Key Objectives of Delimitation ✔ Equal Representation – Ensures constituencies have uniform voter strength , preventing overrepresentation or underrepresentation.  ✔ Electoral Integrity – Adjusts boundaries to reflect demographic shifts , maintaining fair political representation .  ✔ Reservation Adjustments – Determines SC/ST reserved seats based on population distribution. Historical Timeline of Delimitation in India 📌 1952 – First delimitation based on the  1951 Census .  📌 1963 – Adjustments after state reorga...
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🚩PVTG stands for "Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups.

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🚩PVTG stands for "Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups.
👉In India, tribal population makes up for 8.6% of the total population acoording to the 2011 census.

👉The PVTG, as a distinct category, was born out of the observation of the Dhebar Commission in 1973.

👉PVTG are identified as the most vulnerable inhabitants residing in the less developed regions of India.

✴️On which ground PVTG are recognised in India?

👉In 2006, the Government of India renamed the PTGs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). PVTGs have some basic characteristics -
👉they are mostly homogenous, with a small population,
👉 relatively physically isolated,
👉 absence of written language, relatively simple technology and a slower rate of change etc.

✴️Who recognises PVTG in India?

Ministry of Tribal Affairs has implemented the scheme of “Development of PVTGs” which covers 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) for their comprehensive socio-economic development. Under the scheme, State Governments submits Conservation-cum-Development (CCD) plans on the basis of their requirement.
✴️Among the 75 listed PVTG’s the highest number are found in Odisha.
✴️Livelyhood depends on NTFP(Non Timber Forest Product) such as foodgathering from forest ex. honey, nuts ,sprouts and all eatable fruits and vegetables and hunting also included.

✴️Scheme

👉The Scheme for Development of Primitive Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), came into effect from April 1, 2008.
👉The recent Scheme of PVGT is Pradhan Mantri PVTG Development Mission.

The mission will be launched as part of ‘Reaching The Last Mile’, one of the seven Saptarishi priorities enlisted in this year’s Budget.

The mission will saturate the particularly vulnerable tribal groups with safe housing, clean drinking water, education, nutrition, road and telecom connection and livelihood. 

A Budget of Rs 15,000 crore will be dedicated to this mission in the next three years.

The scheme will benefit 3.5 lakh tribals.

✴️States with PVTGs
👉Presently, there are 75 PVTGs in 18 States and UT of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
👉Among the 75 listed PVTG's the highest number are found in
👉1. Odisha (13), followed by 👉2.Andhra Pradesh (12),
👉3.Bihar including Jharkhand (9)
👉4. Madhya Pradesh including Chhattisgarh (7)
👉5.Tamil Nadu (6)
Kerala and Gujarat having (5)groups each.

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