The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

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The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) , introduced in 2005 by the Ministry of Rural Development , is one of the world's largest work guarantee programs.  It aims to strengthen livelihood security in rural areas by providing 100 days of assured wage employment each year to adult members of rural households willing to engage in unskilled manual labor. This initiative plays a vital role in promoting economic stability, empowering communities, and fostering sustainable development across India's rural landscape. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) stands as a monumental testament to India's commitment to social welfare and rural empowerment. Enacted in 2005, this groundbreaking initiative has evolved into one of the most significant pillars of support for rural populations across the country. Imagine a program that guarantees 100 days of wage employment annually to adult members of rural households—this is not jus...
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The Arctic Council

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🚩Todays session mcq series.
🔶The Arctic Council is the leading intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States, Arctic indigenous communities and other Arctic inhabitants on common Arctic issues.

Image : TNPSC

✅Formation - The formation of Arctic Council can be traced in the establishment of the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (AEPS) in 1991 as a framework for intergovernmental cooperation on environmental protection initiatives among the Arctic States including Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Russia, and the United States.
✅Objective - The Arctic Council works as a consensus-based body to deal with issues such as the change in biodiversity, melting sea ice, plastic pollution and black carbon.
🔶Member countries and Org.

✅The Council has members, ad hoc observer countries and "permanent participants"
Members of the Arctic Council: 🔹Ottawa Declaration declares 🔹Canada, the Kingdom of Denmark, 🔹Finland, 🔹Iceland, 🔹Norway,🔹 the Russian Federation, 🔹Sweden and🔹 the United States of America as a member of the Arctic Council.
⏭️Denmarks represents Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
🚩Permanent participants:
✅Aleut International Association (AIA),
✅Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC)
✅Gwich'in Council ✅International (GCI)
✅Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC)
✅Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPN)
✅Saami Council

🔱Status of india - observer 2013(no voting rights)

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