The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016

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The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 is a critical topic for the UPSC Civil Services Examination, particularly under GS Paper II (Social Justice and Governance) . It replaced the PwD Act of 1995 to comply with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Key Highlights of the RPwD Act, 2016 1. Expanded Definition of Disability The Act increased the number of recognized disabilities from 7 to 21.   Added Disabilities : Cerebral Palsy, Dwarfism, Muscular Dystrophy, Acid Attack victims, Speech and Language disability, Specific Learning Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Chronic Neurological conditions (Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s), Blood Disorders (Haemophilia, Thalassemia, Sickle Cell disease), and Multiple Disabilities.   The Central Government maintains the power to add more types of disabilities to this list. 2. Rights and Entitlements  ✅  Education : Children with "benchmark disabilities...
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The Arctic Council

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🚩Todays session mcq series.
🔶The Arctic Council is the leading intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States, Arctic indigenous communities and other Arctic inhabitants on common Arctic issues.

Image : TNPSC

✅Formation - The formation of Arctic Council can be traced in the establishment of the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (AEPS) in 1991 as a framework for intergovernmental cooperation on environmental protection initiatives among the Arctic States including Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Russia, and the United States.
✅Objective - The Arctic Council works as a consensus-based body to deal with issues such as the change in biodiversity, melting sea ice, plastic pollution and black carbon.
🔶Member countries and Org.

✅The Council has members, ad hoc observer countries and "permanent participants"
Members of the Arctic Council: 🔹Ottawa Declaration declares 🔹Canada, the Kingdom of Denmark, 🔹Finland, 🔹Iceland, 🔹Norway,🔹 the Russian Federation, 🔹Sweden and🔹 the United States of America as a member of the Arctic Council.
⏭️Denmarks represents Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
🚩Permanent participants:
✅Aleut International Association (AIA),
✅Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC)
✅Gwich'in Council ✅International (GCI)
✅Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC)
✅Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPN)
✅Saami Council

🔱Status of india - observer 2013(no voting rights)

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