The Eleventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution outlines the powers, responsibilities, and authority of Panchayats (both rural and urban local bodies). These provisions empower Panchayats to effectively govern and manage various aspects of local administration. Let’s explore the items covered under this schedule:
- Agriculture and Agricultural Extension
- Land Improvement, Implementation of Land Reforms, Land Consolidation, and Soil Conservation
- Minor Irrigation, Water Management, and Watershed Development
- Animal Husbandry, Dairying, and Poultry
- Fisheries
- Social Forestry and Farm Forestry
- Minor Forest Produce
- Small-Scale Industries, including Food Processing Industries
- Khadi, Village, and Cottage Industries
- Rural Housing
- Drinking Water
- Fuel and Fodder
- Roads, Culverts, Bridges, Ferries, Waterways, and Other Means of Communication
- Rural Electrification, including Distribution of Electricity
- Non-Conventional Energy Sources
- Poverty Alleviation Programs
- Education, including Primary and Secondary Schools
- Technical Training and Vocational Education
- Adult and Non-Formal Education
- Libraries
- Cultural Activities
- Markets and Fairs
- Health and Sanitation, including Hospitals, Primary Health Centers, and Dispensaries
- Family Welfare
- Women and Child Development
- Social Welfare, including Welfare of the Handicapped and Mentally Retarded
- Welfare of the Weaker Sections, particularly Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
- Public Distribution System
- Maintenance of Community Assets1.
These provisions ensure that Panchayats play a crucial role in local development, resource management, and social welfare.
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