How the Jantar Mantar Protests Forced India to Confront Its Examination Crisis

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  How the Jantar Mantar Protests Forced India to Confront Its Examination Crisis Every year, millions of Indian students dedicate months, sometimes years, to preparing for competitive examinations that shape their futures. Among these, the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) is one of India's most important and competitive entrance exams, serving as the gateway to medical education. In 2026, that trust was severely tested. Following allegations of a large-scale question paper leak, the NEET examination came under intense public scrutiny. Investigations, public outrage, and the decision to conduct one of the largest re-examinations in India's history transformed what initially appeared to be an examination scandal into a national debate about accountability and educational reform. More Than Just One Examination The controversy was not only about a leaked paper. It reflected growing frustration over repeated examination irregularities seen across various competitive and...
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11th schedule municipalities list

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 The Eleventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution outlines the powers, responsibilities, and authority of Panchayats (both rural and urban local bodies). These provisions empower Panchayats to effectively govern and manage various aspects of local administration. Let’s explore the items covered under this schedule:

  1. Agriculture and Agricultural Extension
  2. Land Improvement, Implementation of Land Reforms, Land Consolidation, and Soil Conservation
  3. Minor Irrigation, Water Management, and Watershed Development
  4. Animal Husbandry, Dairying, and Poultry
  5. Fisheries
  6. Social Forestry and Farm Forestry
  7. Minor Forest Produce
  8. Small-Scale Industries, including Food Processing Industries
  9. Khadi, Village, and Cottage Industries
  10. Rural Housing
  11. Drinking Water
  12. Fuel and Fodder
  13. Roads, Culverts, Bridges, Ferries, Waterways, and Other Means of Communication
  14. Rural Electrification, including Distribution of Electricity
  15. Non-Conventional Energy Sources
  16. Poverty Alleviation Programs
  17. Education, including Primary and Secondary Schools
  18. Technical Training and Vocational Education
  19. Adult and Non-Formal Education
  20. Libraries
  21. Cultural Activities
  22. Markets and Fairs
  23. Health and Sanitation, including Hospitals, Primary Health Centers, and Dispensaries
  24. Family Welfare
  25. Women and Child Development
  26. Social Welfare, including Welfare of the Handicapped and Mentally Retarded
  27. Welfare of the Weaker Sections, particularly Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
  28. Public Distribution System
  29. Maintenance of Community Assets1.

These provisions ensure that Panchayats play a crucial role in local development, resource management, and social welfare. 

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