The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016

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The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 is a critical topic for the UPSC Civil Services Examination, particularly under GS Paper II (Social Justice and Governance) . It replaced the PwD Act of 1995 to comply with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Key Highlights of the RPwD Act, 2016 1. Expanded Definition of Disability The Act increased the number of recognized disabilities from 7 to 21.   Added Disabilities : Cerebral Palsy, Dwarfism, Muscular Dystrophy, Acid Attack victims, Speech and Language disability, Specific Learning Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Chronic Neurological conditions (Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s), Blood Disorders (Haemophilia, Thalassemia, Sickle Cell disease), and Multiple Disabilities.   The Central Government maintains the power to add more types of disabilities to this list. 2. Rights and Entitlements  ✅  Education : Children with "benchmark disabilities...
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COMPULSORY PROVISIONS 73RD CAA

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 Let’s delve into the compulsory provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA), which significantly transformed local governance in India:

  1. Organization of Gram Sabha:

    • Every village or group of villages must establish a Gram Sabha. The Gram Sabha is a fundamental unit of local self-governance where all eligible voters participate in decision-making processes.

  2. Establishment of Panchayats:

    • The 73rd CAA mandates the creation of Panchayats at three levels:
      • Village Panchayat: At the grassroots level.
      • Intermediate Panchayat (Panchayat Samiti): At the block or taluka level.
      • District Panchayat (Zila Parishad): At the district level.

  3. Direct Elections:

    • All seats in Panchayats (village, intermediate, and district levels) must be filled through direct elections by the people.

  4. Minimum Age Qualification:

    • The minimum age for contesting elections to Panchayats is 21 years.

  5. Indirect Election for Chairpersons:

    • The chairpersons of intermediate and district Panchayats are indirectly elected.

These provisions aim to empower local communities, enhance participation, and strengthen self-governance at the grassroots level. The 73rd CAA has been instrumental in promoting democratic decentralization and ensuring effective local administration. 

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