The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016

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The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 is a critical topic for the UPSC Civil Services Examination, particularly under GS Paper II (Social Justice and Governance) . It replaced the PwD Act of 1995 to comply with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Key Highlights of the RPwD Act, 2016 1. Expanded Definition of Disability The Act increased the number of recognized disabilities from 7 to 21.   Added Disabilities : Cerebral Palsy, Dwarfism, Muscular Dystrophy, Acid Attack victims, Speech and Language disability, Specific Learning Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Chronic Neurological conditions (Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s), Blood Disorders (Haemophilia, Thalassemia, Sickle Cell disease), and Multiple Disabilities.   The Central Government maintains the power to add more types of disabilities to this list. 2. Rights and Entitlements  ✅  Education : Children with "benchmark disabilities...
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LONDON CONFRENCE

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 The London Conference 2023 focused on strategic cooperation and the principles and priorities for a modern multilateralism. Held on 29 June 2023, this special event addressed critical global challenges:

  1. Uncertain Global Picture:

    • The world faces ongoing challenges, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, geopolitical competition between China and the West, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
    • The international system of rules, laws, and pacts appears to be foundering.

  2. Renewing Cooperation and Consensus:

    • Despite geopolitical tensions, many global problems require cooperation between allies and strategic competitors.
    • The conference explored how to renew the ideals, principles, and incentives that lead to consensus.

  3. Key Sessions and Conversations:

    • Multilateralism Matters: Bronwen Maddox and UK Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs James Cleverly discussed why multilateralism matters.
    • Dangers of Quick Fixes: Orysia Lutsevych, Garry Kasparov, Jonathan Powell, and Julianne Smith discussed the dangers of quick fixes and premature peace deals.
    • Geopolitical Flashpoints: Wu Hongbo (Chinese Government) joined Martin Wolf, Norbert Röttgen, and Robert Kagan to discuss managing geopolitical flashpoints.
    • Climate Action and Economic Shocks: Experts discussed pre-empting economic shocks and protecting climate action from geopolitics.

  4. Chatham House Prize:

    • Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy received the 2023 Chatham House Prize for his extraordinary contribution to international relations.

The London Conference aimed to shape a more resilient and cooperative global order.

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