Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986

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 The Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986 is a cornerstone in the Indian judicial history, highlighting the delicate balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government . The case stemmed from a practice that had become routine for the Bihar government: the re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative approval, a process that Dr. D.C. Wadhwa, an economics professor, found to be a subversion of democratic principles . The Supreme Court's decision in this case was a resounding affirmation of constitutional law and its supremacy over executive convenience. By declaring the practice of re-promulgating ordinances without legislative consent as unconstitutional, the court reinforced the necessity of legislative scrutiny and the impermanence of ordinances, which are meant to be emergency measures, not a backdoor for enacting laws. This landmark judgment serves as a reminder of the importance of checks and balances within
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What is "QUAD "

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image source - google ( samvadaworld.com)

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD), commonly known as the Quad, is an informal strategic forum comprising four countries: the United States, India, Japan, and Australia. Let’s explore its significance:

  1. Objective:

    • The Quad serves as a platform for these countries to discuss regional security issues, defense cooperation, and common challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.

  2. Historical Context:

    • The dialogue was initiated in 2007 by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, with the support of Australian Prime Minister John Howard, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, and U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney.
    • It was paralleled by joint military exercises of unprecedented scale, titled Exercise Malabar.

  3. Revival and Current Focus:

  4. China’s Response and Concerns:

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