MUNICIPALITIES

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 A municipality is a political subdivision of a state that establishes a municipal corporation to provide general local government for a specific population concentration within a defined area. These urban local bodies play a crucial role in governing cities and towns. Let’s explore more about municipalities:

  1. Definition:

  2. Evolution of Urban Bodies in India:

    • The institutions of urban local government in India have a historical context:
      • The first municipal corporation in India was established in Madras (now Chennai) in 1687-88.
      • Municipal corporations were subsequently set up in Bombay (now Mumbai) and Calcutta (now Kolkata) in the 18th century.
      • Lord Ripon, known as the “father of local self-government in India,” introduced significant reforms during his tenure as Viceroy in the 1880s.
      • The Royal Commission on decentralization submitted its report in 1909, emphasizing local self-government.
      • Under the Government of India Act, 1919, local self-government became a transferred subject under responsible Indian ministers.
      • The Cantonments Act was passed in 1924.
      • The Government of India Act, 1935, declared local self-government a provincial subject.
    • These historical milestones paved the way for the development of urban local bodies4.

  3. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA):

  4. Types of Urban Governments:

In summary, municipalities are essential for managing urban areas, providing services like water supply, sanitation, and waste collection. They contribute significantly to local governance and community well-being.

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