Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986

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 The Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986 is a cornerstone in the Indian judicial history, highlighting the delicate balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government . The case stemmed from a practice that had become routine for the Bihar government: the re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative approval, a process that Dr. D.C. Wadhwa, an economics professor, found to be a subversion of democratic principles . The Supreme Court's decision in this case was a resounding affirmation of constitutional law and its supremacy over executive convenience. By declaring the practice of re-promulgating ordinances without legislative consent as unconstitutional, the court reinforced the necessity of legislative scrutiny and the impermanence of ordinances, which are meant to be emergency measures, not a backdoor for enacting laws. This landmark judgment serves as a reminder of the importance of checks and balances within
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What are some examples of successful PRIs?

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 some successful examples of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India. These model PRIs have effectively implemented innovative initiatives, becoming beacons of local governance:

  1. Panchayat of Hiwara, Uttarakhand:

    • Population Served: Approximately 10,000 people.
    • Initiatives Implemented:
      • Infrastructure Development: The Panchayat has focused on improving basic infrastructure such as roads, water supply, and sanitation facilities.
      • Education: Initiatives to enhance access to quality education, including building and maintaining schools, promoting adult literacy, and organizing vocational training programs.
      • Healthcare: Ensuring better healthcare services by establishing health centers, organizing health camps, and promoting preventive health practices.
      • Natural Resource Management: The Panchayat has actively engaged in soil and water conservation, afforestation, and sustainable agricultural practices.
      • Women Empowerment: Encouraging women’s participation in decision-making processes and promoting self-help groups for economic empowerment.
      • Transparency and Accountability: Regular Gram Sabha meetings, transparent financial management, and active citizen participation.
    • Lessons Learned: Hiwara’s success lies in its holistic approach, community involvement, and effective utilization of available resources12.

  2. Women in Panchayats: Driving Social Change:

    • Role of Women: Women’s participation in PRIs has been transformative. They have led initiatives related to health, education, sanitation, and livelihoods.
    • Case Studies:
      • Kalanjoor Panchayat, Kerala: Women-led initiatives in waste management, organic farming, and micro-enterprises.
      • Mandasa Panchayat, Andhra Pradesh: Women actively involved in water conservation, sanitation, and women’s health programs.
      • Devgaon Panchayat, Maharashtra: Women-led campaigns against alcoholism and domestic violence.
    • Impact: Women’s leadership has improved overall governance, social equity, and community well-being2.

  3. Participatory Decision-Making in Gram Sabhas:

    • Challenges: Energizing participation in Gram Sabhas remains a challenge.
    • Success Stories:
      • Mankhurd Panchayat, Maharashtra: Regular Gram Sabha meetings with active participation of villagers in planning and decision-making.
      • Kotra Panchayat, Rajasthan: Effective utilization of Gram Sabha funds for community development projects.
      • Kadambur Panchayat, Tamil Nadu: Inclusive decision-making involving marginalized communities.
    • Key Factors: Transparency, inclusivity, and empowering local voices3.

These examples demonstrate that when PRIs are empowered, transparent, and community-driven, they can significantly impact local development and governance .

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