Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986

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 The Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors. case of 1986 is a cornerstone in the Indian judicial history, highlighting the delicate balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government . The case stemmed from a practice that had become routine for the Bihar government: the re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative approval, a process that Dr. D.C. Wadhwa, an economics professor, found to be a subversion of democratic principles . The Supreme Court's decision in this case was a resounding affirmation of constitutional law and its supremacy over executive convenience. By declaring the practice of re-promulgating ordinances without legislative consent as unconstitutional, the court reinforced the necessity of legislative scrutiny and the impermanence of ordinances, which are meant to be emergency measures, not a backdoor for enacting laws. This landmark judgment serves as a reminder of the importance of checks and balances within
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POWERS OF PRESIDENT RELATED TO UNION TERRITORIES IN INDIA

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 According to the Constitution of India, union territories (UTs) are directly administered by the President of India, acting through an administrator (typically called a Lieutenant Governor) appointed by the President. Articles 239–241 of the Constitution pertain to the administration of union territories1. In the context of union territories:

  1. Union Territories (UTs) are federal territories and are administered by the Union Government of India.
  2. The Lieutenant Governors (LGs) serve as the UT administrators and are appointed by the President of India.

Here are the current Union Territories in India:

  1. Delhi: The administrative capital of India.
  2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Located in the Bay of Bengal.
  3. Chandigarh: The administrative capital of both Haryana and Punjab.
  4. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu: Merged into a single UT.
  5. Jammu and Kashmir: Reconstituted into two UTs — UT of Jammu and Kashmir and UT of Ladakh.
  6. Ladakh: A separate UT.
  7. Lakshadweep: Located in the Arabian Sea.
  8. Puducherry: Formerly known as Pondicherry.

These UTs play essential roles in governance, administration, and national security. 

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